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Economic Data Tracker

18 December 2023

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Surplus neraca dagang November menipis akibat meningkatnya impor menjelang libur akhir tahun

  • Surplus neraca dagang menyusut lebih rendah dari ekspektasi pasar pada bulan November menjadi USD 2.41bn (Oct: USD 3.47bn; Cons: USD 2.97bn; SSI: USD 3.7bn) akibat pertumbuhan impor yang tidak terduga, terutama impor barang konsumsi dan BBM, menjelang libur Natal dan Tahun Baru.
  • Meskipun harga komoditas, seperti batu bara, minyak sawit (CPO), dan besi baja, terus melemah, nilai ekspor komoditas bergerak stabil pada rentang USD 7-9bn (Nov: USD 8.4bn) sejak 2Q23, yang ditengarai akibat efek kenaikan volume ekspor.
  • Berkaca pada situasi ini, kami tetap mempertahankan proyeksi defisit neraca berjalan untuk FY23 (-0.2% terhadap PDB) dan FY24 (-0.9%).

Surplus neraca dagang Indonesia turun lebih rendah dari konsensus di bulan November menjadi USD 2.41bn (Oct: USD 3.47bn; Cons: USD 2.97bn; SSI: USD 3.7bn). Penurunan tersebut terjadi karena impor tumbuh secara tidak terduga sebesar 3.3% yoy (Oct: -2.4% yoy; Cons: -0.2% yoy; SSI: -9.4% yoy), yang dipicu oleh kenaikan tajam laju impor barang konsumsi menjadi 19.8% yoy (Oct: 3.8% yoy) dan berbaliknya laju impor minyak dan gas (migas) dari kontraksi menjadi bertumbuh sebesar 24.4% yoy (Oct: -4.7% yoy) menjelang libur musiman Natal dan Tahun Baru. Pembalikan laju impor migas menyebabkan kontraksi impor bahan baku menipis menjadi -1% yoy (Oct: -6.1% yoy).

Penurunan laju kontraksi ekspor terus berlanjut di bulan November menjadi -8.6% yoy (Oct: -10.4% yoy; Cons: -9.5% yoy; SSI: -13.3% yoy) akibat kenaikan nilai ekspor komoditas non-migas, seperti batu bara, minyak sawit (CPO), dan besi-baja menjadi USD 8.4bn (Oct: USD 8.3bn). Menurut pengamatan kami, nilai ekspor komoditas non-migas bergerak stabil di rentang USD 7-9bn sejak 2Q23. Hal ini mengindikasikan kenaikan volume ekspor komoditas non-migas, karena sejak awal 2Q23 hingga saat ini harga komoditas masih berada dalam tren bearish atau turun (lihat Chart 1). Meningkatnya volume ekspor komoditas non-migas ditengarai sebagai fondasi dibalik penyusutan laju kontraksi ekspor yang terjadi sejak bulan Agustus (lihat Chart 2).

Berkaca pada hasil bulan November, kami mempertahankan proyeksi defisit neraca berjalan FY23 sebesar -0.2% terhadap PDB. Kami memperkirakan nilai ekspor komoditas non-migas masih akan bertahan dalam kisaran USD 8-9bn di bulan Desember. Dengan mengasumsikan laju impor tetap bertumbuh di bulan Desember (maks. 10% mom) atau bahkan stagnan (0%), surplus neraca dagang kumulatif 4Q23 berpotensi mencapai USD 6.3-8.3bn dan defisit neraca berjalan mencapai USD -2bn hingga -3bn (atau -0.6% hingga -0.9% terhadap PDB untuk 4Q23 stand alone).

Kami juga mempertahankan proyeksi defisit neraca berjalan FY24 di skenario -0.9% terhadap PDB (lihat Chart 3). Proyeksi ini setara dengan level tertinggi proyeksi defisit neraca berjalan Bank Indonesia (-0.1% hingga -0.9% terhadap PDB).

Mempertimbangkan kemungkinan melebarnya defisit neraca berjalan pada 2024 hingga mendekati -1% terhadap PDB, kami memprediksi kemungkinan BI membatasi pemangkasan suku bunga acuan 7DRRR di 2024 lebih rendah dari besaran pemangkasan Federal Reserve. Berdasarkan proyeksi Desember FOMC, besaran pemangkasan suku bunga The Fed diperkirakan 75 bps. Namun, pasar melihat proyeksi ini terlalu rendah dan memprediksi dovish pivot sebesar 150 bps menjadi 4%. Dalam kondisi tersebut, kami memprediksi pemangkasan suku bunga BI optimal sebesar 75 bps menjadi 5.25% (lihat Chart 4).

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Economic Data Tracker 2023-12-18 (Ind)
Economic Data Tracker 2023-12-18 (Eng)

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Economic Data Tracker 2023-12-18 (Ind)
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