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01 September 2023

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Inflasi inti Agustus melambat, tetapi BI belum tentu akan memangkas suku bunga lebih awal

Inflasi inti Agustus melambat, tetapi BI belum tentu akan memangkas suku bunga lebih awal

Inflasi CPI naik tipis di bulan Agustus menjadi 3.27% yoy (Jul: 3.08% yoy) akibat naiknya inflasi bahan pangan menjadi 2.42% yoy (Jul: -0.03% yoy). Peningkatan inflasi bahan pangan dapat berlanjut di bulan-bulan mendatang akibat naiknya intensitas El Niño sejak bulan Agustus sesuai dengan proyeksi BMKG. Namun, kami memprediksi dampak inflasi dari El Niño dengan kategori moderat bersifat minimal terhadap inflasi umum. Sementara itu, inflasi inti CPI yang turun lebih rendah dari konsensus menjadi 2.18% yoy (Jul: 2.43% yoy) dapat melanjutkan penurunan hingga 1.87% pada akhir 2023 akibat upaya BI untuk menahan suku bunga 7DRRR di 5.75%. Walaupun menghadapi kemungkinan turunnya inflasi inti lebih rendah dari batas bawah target BI di 2%, kami memprediksi BI belum tentu akan mulai memangkas suku bunga di 4Q23 karena meningkatnya risiko depresiasi Rupiah akibat faktor-faktor global.  

Inflasi umum CPI naik tipis (rebound) pada bulan Agustus menjadi 3.27% yoy, sejalan dengan konsensus dan proyeksi kami (Jul: 3.08% yoy; Cons: 3.34% yoy; SSI: 3.3% yoy) akibat naiknya inflasi barang-barang bergejolak menjadi 2.42% yoy (Jul: -0.03% yoy). Naiknya inflasi barang-barang bergejolak didorong oleh kenaikan inflasi bahan pangan menjadi 2.51% yoy (Jul: 0.27% yoy), seperti beras (14.8% yoy) dan bawang putih (42% yoy). Akan tetapi, naiknya harga beras dan bawang putih diredam secara agregatif oleh turunnya harga cabai (-32.1% yoy), cabai rawit (-23.9% yoy), dan bawang merah (-26.4% yoy).

Kami memprediksi tekanan inflasi bahan pangan akan semakin meningkat di bulan-bulan mendatang seiring dengan meningkatnya intensitas El Niño sejak bulan Agustus sesuai pengamatan BMKG (Indeks El Niño BMKG). Peningkatan intensitas el Niño diperkirakan dalam kategori moderat. Sehingga, inflasi bahan pangan akan berada dalam rentang proyeksi 4-6%. Akibatnya, dampak naiknya inflasi bahan pangan terhadap inflasi umum akan bersifat minimal. Oleh sebab itu, kami mempertahankan proyeksi inflasi FY23 di 2.6%

Meskipun inflasi umum naik, inflasi inti turun lebih rendah dari konsensus dan proyeksi kami menjadi 2.18% yoy (Jul: 2.43% yoy; Cons: 2.33% yoy; SSI 2.3% yoy). Penurunan inflasi inti bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, baik dari sisi pendapatan (yang saat ini sulit diobservasi karena tidak dilanjutkannya statistik upah BPS) serta dari sisi moneter. Kebijakan Bank Indonesia mempertahankan suku bunga di 5.75% memperlambat pertumbuhan jumlah uang beredar, yang juga berakibat pada turunnya inflasi inti (lihat Chart 1).

Kami memproyeksikan inflasi inti CPI turun hingga 1.9% (lihat Chart 2) bila BI tetap mempertahankan suku bunga 7DRRR di 5.75% hingga akhir 2023. Untuk menghindari hal ini BI perlu memangkas suku bunga. Akan tetapi, kami melihat kondisi perekonomian saat ini kurang mendukung. Pelemahan akut ekonomi Tiongkok yang memicu depresiasi CNY dan mata uang Asia lainnya, dan retorika para pejabat Federal Reserve untuk menahan suku bunga FFR di rentang 5.25-5.5% lebih lama (konsensus hingga 2Q24) telah meningkatkan risiko depresiasi Rupiah bila BI terlalu dini memangkas suku bunga. Menghadapi situasi ini, kami menyiapkan skenario alternatif pemangkasan suku bunga BI mulai dari 1Q24 dengan total 125 bps menjadi 4.5%. Walaupun begitu, kami tidak menutup kemungkinan BI mulai memangkas suku bunga dari 4Q23 dengan besaran 25 bps menjadi 5.5%, dengan syarat The Fed mempercepat siklus pemangkasan suku bunganya menjadi 1Q24 dan pemerintah Tiongkok berhasil meredam derpresiasi CNY pada bulan September.

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