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18 July 2023

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Performa dagang Juni indikasikan perlambatan ekonomi dan defisit neraca berjalan di 2Q23

Surplus neraca dagang Indonesia naik pada bulan Juni menjadi USD 3.5bn, jauh lebih tinggi dari ekspektasi (Cons: USD 1.2bn; SSI: USD -0.6bn). Peningkatan ini disebabkan oleh perlambatan konsumsi domestik serta  gangguan pada rantai pasokan di sektor manufaktur yang menyebabkan anjloknya impor bahan baku hingga -19.2% mom atau -23.8% yoy. Sementara itu, ekspor komoditas utama turun -32.6% yoy akibat penurunan rata-rata harga komoditas hingga -49.3% yoy. Kami melihat hal ini sebagai indikasi perlambatan pertumbuhan ekonomi di 2Q23 menjadi 4.6% yoy (1Q23: 5% yoy). Kami juga memprediksi penurunan surplus neraca berjalan rolling sum 12 bulan yang lebih besar dari proyeksi awal menjadi 0.5% (Prev: 0.7%). Mempertimbangkan hal ini, kami merevisi proyeksi defisit neraca berjalan FY23 menjadi -0.6% terhadap PDB (Prev: -0.1%).

Surplus neraca dagang Indonesia naik kembali pada bulan Juni menjadi USD 3.5bn (May: USD 0.4bn; Cons Jun: USD 1.2bn; SSI : USD -0.6bn). Kenaikan ini disebabkan oleh kontraksi impor yang jauh lebih besar dari konsensus sebesar -18.4% yoy (May: 14.4% yoy; Cons Jun: -4.2% yoy; SSI: -1.2% yoy). Penurunan impor disebabkan oleh memburuknya ketersediaan pasokan bahan baku untuk produksi manufaktur (lihat rilis PMI Juni) yang menyebabkan kontraksi impor bahan baku senilai USD (-2.9)bn menjadi USD 12.4bn (-19.2% mom atau -23.8% yoy). Sementara itu, impor barang modal turun sebesar USD (-702)mn menjadi USD 3.2bn (-18% mom atau 4.1% yoy). Perlambatan konsumsi domestik juga memiliki andil terhadap perlambatan impor, tercermin dari penurunan impor barang konsumsi sebesar USD (-483)mn menjadi USD 1.6bn (-23.3% mom atau -6.6% yoy).

Kombinasi pelemahan aktivitas manufaktur, konsumsi, dan ekspor komoditas mengindikasikan perlambatan ekonomi di 2Q23. Nilai total ekspor komoditas utama (batubara, CPO, serta besi dan baja) turun sebesar -32.6% yoy menjadi USD 8.3bn (Jun 2022: USD 12.3bn) yang disebabkan oleh penurunan rata-rata harga komoditas global sebesar -49.3% yoy (lihat Chart 1). Menurut estimasi kami, rilis data perdagangan internasional Juni mengimplikasikan pertumbuhan ekspor dan impor barang dan jasa untuk 2Q23 masing-masing sebesar 8% dan 4% yoy (1Q23: 11.7% dan 2.8% yoy). Perlambatan impor barang konsumsi Juni juga mengkonfirmasi perlambatan konsumsi domestik yang terindikasi dari rilis data indeks kepercayaan konsumen dan indeks penjualan riil Bank Indonesia. Menurut estimasi kami, konsumsi domestik  tumbuh 4.3% yoy di 2Q23 (1Q23: 4.5% yoy). Secara keseluruhan, hasil rilis data ini mengindikasikan perlambatan pertumbuhan PDB di 2Q23 menjadi 4.6% yoy sesuai proyeksi kami sebelumnya (1Q23: 5% yoy).

Selain perlambatan pertumbuhan PDB di 2Q23, hasil rilis data perdagangan internasional Juni juga menyiratkan potensi defisit neraca berjalan di 2Q23. Secara kuartalan, neraca dagang Indonesia untuk 2Q23 mencatatkan surplus sebesar USD 7.8bn, lebih rendah dari 1Q23 (USD 12.2bn) maupun 2Q22 (USD 15.6bn). Estimasi kami terhadap data neraca dagang 2Q23 menunjukkan defisit neraca berjalan yang lebih besar dari perkiraan sebesar USD -4.6bn atau -1.3% terhadap PDB (Prev: -0.6% terhadap PDB). Estimasi kami juga mengindikasikan penurunan surplus neraca berjalan rolling sum 12 bulan menjadi 0.5% terhadap PDB (Prev: 0.7% terhadap PDB). Kami memutuskan untuk menurunkan proyeksi defisit neraca berjalan FY23 menjadi -0.6% terhadap PDB (lihat table 1 dan Chart 2), lebih besar daripada proyeksi BI di rentang 0.4% hingga -0.4%.

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