Research & Stock Picks

Economic & Fixed Income

16 June 2023

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Kenaikan aktivitas produksi manufaktur pasca-libur Lebaran tekan surplus neraca dagang di bulan Mei

Surplus neraca dagang Indonesia turun tajam di bulan Mei menjadi USD 440mn, jauh lebih rendah dari ekspektasi (Cons: USD 3.1bn; SSI: USD 3.3bn). Penurunan ini disebabkan oleh meningkatnya aktivitas produksi dan investasi pasca-libur Lebaran di sektor manufaktur. Kenaikan aktivitas ini tidak hanya berdampak terhadap aktivitas pembelian melalui impor, tetapi juga menaikkan nilai ekspor produk-produk manufaktur. Sehingga, ekspor komoditas yang tengah tertekan penurunan harga di tingkat global mengalami penurunan kontribusi menjadi 35.8% terhadap total ekspor dari 41.1% di bulan sebelumnya. Menurut kami, dampak kenaikan aktivitas produksi manufaktur ini hanya bersifat sementara karena laporan survei PMI manufaktur di bulan Mei menunjukkan penurunan jumlah pesanan baru akibat pelemahan ekonomi global.

Surplus neraca dagang Indonesia turun tajam diluar dugaan pada bulan Mei menjadi USD 440mn (Apr: USD 3.9bn; Cons May: USD 3.1bn; SSI : USD 3.3bn). Penurunan ini disebabkan oleh berbaliknya performa impor menjadi ekspansi 14.4% yoy (Apr: -22.3% yoy; Cons May: -9% yoy; SSI: -18% yoy), yang didorong oleh meningkatnya aktivitas produksi dan investasi. Kenaikan aktivitas produksi tercermin dari peningkatan impor bahan baku sebesar USD 3.7bn menjadi USD 15.3bn (32% mom atau 4.4% yoy). Sementara itu, kenaikan aktivitas investasi tercermin dari kenaikan impor barang modal sebesar USD 1.6bn menjadi USD 3.9bn (66% mom atau 60% yoy). Kontribusi dari impor barang konsumsi lebih rendah dibandingkan impor bahan baku dan barang modal, dengan kenaikan sebesar USD 670mn menjadi USD 2.1bn (48% mom atau 36.5% yoy). Kenaikan aktivitas produksi dan konsumsi pada bulan Mei konsisten dengan peningkatan beban kerja yang disinggung dalam laporan PMI manufaktur dari S&P, walaupun dampak kenaikan tersebut jauh melebihi proyeksi kami.

Kenaikan aktivitas produksi di bulan Mei berdampak positif terhadap ekspor produk-produk manufaktur dan mengurangi proporsi ekspor komoditas dari 41.1% terhadap total ekspor di bulan April menjadi 35.8% di bulan Mei. Nilai ekspor produk-produk manufaktur naik pesat, seperti mesin dan perlengkapan elektrik (HS 85) tumbuh 19.1% mom menjadi USD 1.2bn, alas kaki (HS 64) 35.7% mom menjadi USD 600.8mn, kendaraan dan komponennya (HS 87) 60.2% mom menjadi USD 993.2mn, dan mesin dan peralatan mekanik (HS 84) 53.8% mom menjadi USD 576.4mn. Sebaliknya, ekspor komoditas tertekan oleh penurunan harga di pasar global (lihat Chart 1).

Kami memprediksi kenaikan impor serta ekspor produk-produk manufaktur di bulan Mei hanya bersifat sementara dan mempertahankan proyeksi rasio neraca berjalan terhadap PDB FY23 di -0.1%. Berdasarkan hasil survei S&P di bulan Mei, peningkatan aktivitas manufaktur hanya bersifat sementara karena jumlah pesanan baru dari dalam maupun luar negeri turun akibat pelemahan ekonomi global. Hal ini tercermin dari rilis data PMI Mei awal bulan ini (lihat Chart 2). Menurut estimasi kami, surplus neraca dagang akan naik kembali pada bulan Juni seiring dengan normalisasi aktivitas produksi manufaktur pasca-libur Lebaran menjadi USD 2.6bn.

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